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References

The development of the models for fracture risk assessment has been based on a programme of work undertaken at the Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases at Sheffield University and Osteoporosis Research Ltd (UK). Details of the work are provided in the references below. These include papers on the modelling approach, meta-analyses to evaluate bone mineral density and other risk factors, FRAXplus adjustments and recent reviews.

FRAX Acknowledgements

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Modelling approach

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Jonsson B, Dawson A, Dere W. Risk of hip fracture derived from relative risks: an analysis applied to the population of Sweden. Osteoporosis International 2000; 11: 120-127.

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Jonsson B, DeLaet C, Dawson A. Prediction of fracture from low bone mineral density measurements overestimates risk. Bone 2000; 26: 387-391.

KKanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Jonsson B, De Laet C, Dawson A. Risk of hip fracture according to World Health Organization criteria for osteoporosis and osteopenia. Bone 2000;27: 585-590.

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Sernbo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Dawson A, de Laet C, Jonsson B. Long-term risk of osteoporotic fractures in Malmo. Osteoporosis International 2000; 11: 669-674.

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Dawson A, De Laet C, Jonsson B. Ten year probabilities of osteoporotic fractures according to BMD and diagnostic thresholds. Osteoporosis International 2001; 12: 989-995.

Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, Jonsson B, Oden A, Oglesby A. International variations in hip fracture probabilities: implications for risk assessment. Journal of Bone & Mineral Research 2002: 17; 1237-1244.

De Laet C, Oden A, Johnell O, Jonsson B, Kanis JA. The impact of the use of multiple risk factors on case finding strategies: a mathematical framework. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16: 313-318.

Meta-analyses

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Johansson H, Oden A, Delmas P, Eisman J, et al. Prior clinical vertebral fractures are a particularly strong predictor of hip fracture: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis International 2006: 17 (suppl 3); 365

JJohnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Gluer C, Fujiwara S, McCloskey EV, Melton LJ III, Delmas PD (2005) A comparison of total hip BMD as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2005; 20 (suppl 1): S4.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, De Laet C, Melton LJ, Tenenhouse A, Reeve J, Silman AJ, Pols HAP, Eisman JA, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D. A meta-analysis of prior corticosteroid use and fracture risk. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2004: 19; 893-899.

Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, Johansson H, Oden A, Delmas P, Eisman J, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, Kroger H, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton III LJ, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 2004; 35: 375-382.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, De Laet C, Eisman JA, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton III LJ, Pols HA, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. A family history of fracture and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Bone 2004; 35: 1029-1037.

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Kroger H, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman AJ, Tenenhouse A. Smoking and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16: 155-162.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Johnell O, Oden A, De Laet C, Eisman JA, Pols H, Tenenhouse A. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16: 737-742.

Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Kroger H, Mellstrom D, Meunier PJ, Melton LJ III, OfNeill T, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2005; 20: 1185-1194.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, De Laet C, Johnell O, Eisman JA, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. A meta-analysis of milk intake and fracture risk: low utility for case finding. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16: 799-804.

De Laet C, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Johnell O, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Kroger H, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ III, Meunier PJ, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16: 1330-1338.

Kayan K, Johansson H, Oden A, Vasireddy S, Pande K, Orgee J, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV (2009) Can fall risk be incorporated into fracture risk assessment algorithms: a pilot study of responsiveness to clodronate. Osteoporos Int 20: 2055-62

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV (2010) A meta-analysis of the efficacy of raloxifene on all clinical and vertebral fractures and its dependency on FRAX®. Bone 47: 729–735. PMID: 20601292

Kanis JA, Jönsson B, Odén A, McCloskey EV (2011) A meta-analysis of the effect of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fracture in postmenopausal osteoporosis and the interaction with FRAX®. Osteoporosis International 22: 2347-2355 PMID: 21287148. With erratum Osteoporos Int 22: 2357-2358. PMID: 21625879

Johansson H, Kanis JA, Odén A, McCloskey E, Chapurlat RD, Christiansen C, Cummings SR, Diez-Perez A, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Gluer CC, Glüer CC, Goltzman D, Hans D, Khaw KT, Krieg MA, Kröger H, Lacroix AZ, Lau E, Leslie WD, Mellström D, Melton LJ 3rd, O'Neill TW, Pasco JA, Prior JC, Reid DM, Rivadeneira F, van Staa T, Yoshimura N, Zillikens MC (2014) A meta-analysis of the association of fracture risk and body mass index in women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 29: 223-33.

Johansson H, Odén A, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Morris HA, Cooper C, Vasikaran S and the IFCC- IOF Joint Working Group on standardisation of biochemical markers of bone turnover (2014) A meta-analysis of markers of bone turnover for prediction of fracture. Calcified Tissue International 94: 560-567. 29: 223-33. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2017

Johansson H, Kanis JA, Oden A, Leslie, WD, Fujiwara S, Gluer CC Kroger H, LaCroix AZ, Lau E, Melton LJ III, Eisman JA, O’Neill TW, Goltzman D, Reid DM, McCloskey E (2014) Impact of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD discordances on FRAX probabilities in women: A meta- analysis of international cohorts. Calcified Tissue International 95:428–435. DOI 10.1007/s00223-014-9911-2

McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, Leslie WD, Hans D, Johansson H, Barkmann R, Boutroy S, Brown J, Chapurlat R, Elders PJM, Fujita Y, Glüer CC, Goltzman D, Iki M, Karlsson M, Kindmark A, Kurumatani N, Kwok T, Leung J, Lippuner K, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Mellström D, Merlijn T, Oei L, Ohlsson C, Pasco J, Rivadeneira F, Rosengren B, Sornay-Rendu E, Szulc P, Tamaki J, Kanis JA (2016) A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its dependence on FRAX. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 31: 940-948.

Harvey NC, Odén A, Orwoll E, Lapidus J, Kwok T, Karlsson MK, Rosengren BE, Ljunggren O, Cooper C, McCloskey E, Kanis JA, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Johansson H (2018) Falls predict fractures independently of FRAX probability: A meta-analysis of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 33: 510-516.

Harvey NC, Odén A, Orwoll E, Lapidus J, Kwok T, Karlsson MK, Rosengren BE, Ribom E, Cooper C, Cawthon PM, Kanis JA, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Johansson H, McCloskey E (2018) Measures of physical performance and muscle strength as predictors of fracture risk independent of FRAX, falls and BMD: A meta-analysis of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 33: 2150-2157.

Harvey NC, Orwoll E, Kwok T, Karlsson MK, Rosengren BE, Ribom E Cauley J, Cawthon PM, Ensrud K, Liu E, Cruz-Jentoft A, Fielding R, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Johansson H, McCloskey E (2021) Sarcopenia definitions as predictors of fracture risk independent of FRAX, falls and BMD in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study: A meta-analysis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 36(7):1235-1244

Harvey NC, Orwoll E, Cauley JA, Kwok T, Karlsson MK, Rosengren BE, Ribom E, Cawthon PM, Ensrud K, Liu E, Laskou F, Ward K, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Johansson H, McCloskey E (2022) Greater pQCT calf muscle density is associated with lower hip fracture risk, independent of FRAX, falls and BMD: a meta-analysis in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Journal of Bome and Mineral Research Plus Nov 22;6(12):e10696. doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10696.

Reviews

Kanis JA, on behalf of the World Health Organisation Scientific Group. Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health care level. WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield 2007. Download as PDF.

Kanis JA. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet 2002: 359; 1929- 1936.

Kanis JA, Black D, Cooper C, Dargent P, Dawson-Hughes B, De Laet C, Delmas P, Eisman J, Johnell O, Jonsson B, Melton LJ, Oden A, Papapoulos S, Pols H, Rizzoli R, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. A new approach to the development of assessment guidelines for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 2002: 13; 527-536.

Kanis JA, Borgstrom F, De Laet C, Johansson H, Johnell O, Jonsson B, Oden A, Zethraeus N, Pfleger B, Khaltaev N. Assessment of fracture risk. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16: 581-589.

Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Odén A Borgström F, Strom O (2010) Development and use of FRAX® in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International. 21 Suppl 2:S407-13.

Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Borgström F, Ström O, McCloskey E (2009) FRAX® and its applications to clinical practice. Bone. 2009; 44: 734-743.

Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C, Baim S, Bilezikian JP, Binkley N, Compston J, Dawson-Hughes B, El- Hajj Fuleihan G, Johansson H, Leslie WD, Lewiecki EM, Luckey MM, Oden A, Papapoulos SE, Poiana C, Wahl DA, McCloskey E, and the Task Force of the FRAX Initiative (2011) Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporosis International 22: 395-411

Hans D, Kanis JA, Baim S, Bilezikian JP, Binkley N, Cauley JA, Compston JE, Cooper C, Dawson- Hughes B, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Leslie WD, Lewiecki EM, Luckey MM, McCloskey EV, Papapoulos SE, Poiana C, Rizzoli R on behalf of the FRAX® Position Development Conference Members (2011) Joint Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation on FRAX®: Executive Summary of the 2010 Position Development Conference on interpretation and use of FRAX® in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Densitometry 14: 171-80.

Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, McCloskey E (2012) Pitfalls in the external validation of FRAX. Osteoporosis International 23: 423-31

Kanis JA, Odén A, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Wahl D, Cyrus Cooper C on behalf of the IOF Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life (2012) A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporosis International 23: 2239-2256.

McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2012) FRAX Updates 2012. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 24: 554-560.

McCloskey E, Harvey N, Johansson H, Kanis JA (2016) FRAX updates 2016. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 28: 433-41.

Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Odén A, McCloskey EV, Leslie WD (2017) Overview of fracture prediction tools. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 20: 360–367

Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Odén A, Leslie WD McCloskey EV (2017) FRAX update. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 20: 360–367.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC and McCloskey EV (2018) A brief history of FRAX. Archives of Osteoporosis, 13: 118. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0510-0.

Kanis JA, Cooper C, Dawson-Hughes B, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Lorentzon M, McCloskey EV, Reginster J-Y, Rizzoli R (2020) FRAX and ethnicity. Osteoporosis International 31: 2063-2067.doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05631-6.

McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Leslie WD, Kanis JA (2022) Fracture risk assessment by the FRAX model. Climacteric, 25: 22-28. DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1945027.

Chotiyarnwong P, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Prieto-Alhambra D, Abrahamsen B, Adachi JD, Borgström F, Bruyere O, Carey JJ, Clark P, Cooper C, Curtis EM, Dennison E, Diaz-Curiel M, Dimai HP, Grigorie D, Hiligsmann M, Khashayar P, Lewiecki EM, Lips P, Lorenc RS, Ortolani S, Papaioannou A, Silverman S, Sosa M, Szulc P, Ward KA, Yoshimura N and. Kanis JA (2022) Is it time to consider population screening for fracture risk in postmenopausal women? A position paper from the International Osteoporosis Foundation Epidemiology/Quality of Life Working Group. Archives of Osteoporosis, 17:87. doi.org/10.1007/s11657-022-01117-6.

McCloskey EV, Chotiyarnwong P, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Kanis JA; International Osteoporosis Foundation Epidemiology/Quality of Life Working Group (2022) Population screening for fracture risk in postmenopausal women - a logical step in reducing the osteoporotic fracture burden? Osteoporosis International 33: 2297–2305.

Country-specific models and applications

Argentina

Clark P, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Zerbini C, Sanchez A, Messina O, Jaller JJ, Campusano C, Orces CH, Riera G, Johansson H, Kanis JA (2018) FRAX-based intervention and assessment thresholds in seven Latin American countries. Osteoporos Int 29: 707-715.

Armenia

Lesnyak O, Sahakyan S, Zakroyeva A, Bilezikian JP, Hutchings N, Galstyan R, Lebedev A, Johansson H, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2017) Epidemiology of fractures in Armenia: Development of a country-specific FRAX model and comparison to its surrogate. Archives of Osteoporosis 12(1): 98. Doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0392-6.

Lesnyak O, Zakroyeva A, Babalyan V, Cazac V, Gabdulina G, Ismailov S, Lobanchenko O, Rudenka E, Tsagareli M, Johansson H, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2021) FRAX-based intervention thresholds in eight Eurasian countries: Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, the Russian Federation, and Uzbekistan. Archives of Osteoporosis 16(1):87. doi: 10.1007/s11657-021-00962-1.

Austria

Dimai HP, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Vandenput L, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Pietschmann P, Muschitz C, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA (2022) Osteoporosis treatment in Austria – Assessment of FRAX-based intervention thresholds for high and very high fracture risk. Archives of Osteoporosis 17(1):141. doi: 10.1007/s11657-022-01175-w.

Belarus

Ramanau H, Chernyanin I, Rudenka E, Lesnyak O, Zakroyeva A, Bilezikian JP Johansson H, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2018) Epidemiology of hip fracture in Belarus: development of a country-specific FRAX model and its comparison to neighbouring countries country models. Archives of Osteoporosis Apr 17;13(1):42. Doi: 10.1007/s11657-018-0454-4

Belgium

Neuprez A, Johansson H, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Odén A, Bruyère O, Hiligsmann M, Devogelaer JP, Kaufman JM, Reginster JY (2009) Rationalisation du remboursement des médicaments de l’ostéoporose : de la mesure isolée de la densité osseuse à l’intégration des facteurs cliniques de risque fracturaire. Validation de l’algorithme FRAX®. La Revue Médicale de Liège 64 : 12 : 612- 619

Johansson H, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Odén A, Devogelaer J-P, Kaufman J-M, Neuprez A, Hiliigsmann M, Bruyere O and Reginster JY (2011) A FRAX® model for the assessment of fracture probability in Belgium. Osteoporosis International, 22: 453-61

Botswana

Kebaetse M, Nkhwa S, Mogodi M, Masunge J, Gureja YP, Ramabu M, Mmopelwa T, Sharif I, Orford A, Harvey NC, McCloskey EV, Cauley JA, Kanis JA, Johansson H (2021) A country‑specific FRAX model for Botswana. Archives of Osteoporosis. 16:90. doi.org/10.1007/s11657-021- 00965-y

Brazil

Albergaria BH, Zerbini CA, Lazeretti-Castro M, Eis SR, Vilaca T, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Schini M, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2023) A new FRAX model for Brazil. Archives of Osteoporosis 18(1):144 doi: 10.1007/s11657-023-01354-3

Johansson H, Albergaria BH, Zerbini CA, Vilaca T, Harvey NC, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Schini M, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2023) Changes in hip fracture incidence in Brazil and implications for FRAX. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 35 (Supplement 1) S268-269

Zerbini CAF, Szejnfeld VL, Abergaria BH, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Kanis JA (2015) Incidence of hip fracture in Brazil and the development of a FRAX model. Archives of Osteoporosis 10(1):224. Doi: 10.1007/s11657-015-0224-5.

Bulgaria

Kirilova E, Johansson H, Kirilov N, Vladeva S, Petranova T, Kolarov Z Liu E, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2020) Epidemiology of hip fractures in Bulgaria: development of a country specific FRAX model. Archives of Osteoporosis 15(1):28. Published 2020 Feb 27. Doi:10.1007/s11657-020-0710-2

Canada

Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2010b) Manitoba bone density program. Independent clinical validation of a Canadian FRAX(I) tool: Fracture prediction and model calibration. J Bone Miner Res. 25: 2350-8.

Chile

Gavilanez EL, Luis IN, Mario NG, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Vandenput L, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA (2022) An assessment of intervention thresholds for high fracture risk in Chile. Archives of Osteoporosis 18, 11. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01198-3.

Colombia

Czech

Stepan JJ, Vaculik J, Pavelka K, Zofka J, Johansson H, Kanis JA. Hip fracture incidence from 1981 to 2009 in the Czech Republic as a basis of the country-specific FRAX model. Calcif Tissue Int. 2012 May;90(5):365-72. doi: 10.1007/s00223-012-9582-9.

Ecuador

Lopez Gavilanez E, Johansson H, McCloskey E, Harvey NC, Segale Bajana A, Marriott Blum D, Navarro Grijalva M, Diaz Curiel M, Kanis JA (2019) Assessing the risk of osteoporotic fractures. The Ecuadorian FRAX model. Archives of Osteoporosis 14(1):93. doi: 10.1007/s11657-019-0644- 8

Lopez Gavilanez E, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, McCloskey EV, Jara JV, Kanis JA (2020) The application of FRAX in Ecuador. Revista Colombiana de Reumatología, Feb 2021 doi 10.1016/j.rcreu.2021.07.004).

Ethiopia

Johansson H, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Hailu S, Kanis JA (2021) A surrogate FRAX model for Ethiopia. Osteoporosis International 32, P804

France

Couris CM, Chapurlat RD, Kanis JA, Johansson H, Burlet N, Delmas PD, Schott AM (2012) FRAX® probabilities and risk of major osteoporotic fracture in France. Osteoporosis International 23: .2321-2327

Georgia

Hong Kong

Tsang SWY, Kung AWC. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A (2009) Ten-year fracture probability in Hong Kong southern Chinese according to age and BMD femoral neck T-scores. Osteoporos Int. 20: 1939-1945.

Iceland

Siggeirsdottir K, Aspelund T, Johansson H, Gudmundsson EF, Mogensen B, Jonsson BY, Gudnason V, McCloskey E, Oden A, Sigurdsson G, Kanis JA(2014) The incidence of a first major osteoporotic fracture in Iceland and implications for FRAX.Osteoporos Int ;25: 2445-51. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2777-3.

Iran

Khashayar P, Keshtkar A, Ostovar A, Larijani B, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2019) FRAX-based intervention and assessment thresholds for osteoporosis in Iran. Osteoporosis International 30: 2225-2230. doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-05078-4.

Khashayar P, Keshtkar A, Ostovar A, Larijani B, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, McCloskey [Designing an Iran FRAX model and defining intervention and assessment thresholds for osteoporosis]. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 16(4): 296-304

Ireland

McGowan B, Kanis JA, Johansson H, Silke C, Whelan B (2013) Development and use of FRAX in the management of osteoporosis in Ireland. Archives of Osteoporosis 8(1-2):146. doi: 10.1007/s11657-013-0146-z.

Italy

Piscitelli P, Chitano G, Johannson H, Brandi ML, Kanis JA, Black DM. Updated fracture incidence rates for the Italian version of FRAX®. Osteoporos Int. 2013 Mar;24(3):859-66. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2021-y.

Elffors L, Allander E, Kanis JA, Gullberg B, Johnell O, Dequeker J, Dilsen G, Gennari C, Lopes Vaz AA, Lyritis G, Mazzuoli GF, Miravet L, Passeri M, Perez Cano R, Rapado A, Ribot C (1994) The variable incidence of hip fracture in southern Europe: the MEDOS study. Osteoporosis International, 4; 253-263.

Japan

Fujiwara S, Nakamura T, Orimo H, Hosoi T, Gorai I, Oden A, Johansson H, Kanis JA. (2008) Development and application of a Japanese model of the WHO fracture risk assessment tool (FRAXTM). Osteoporos Int. 19: 429-448.

Jordan

Azar ES Abulmajeed S, Masri BK, Kanis JA (2011) The prevalence of osteoporotic hip fractures in Jordan. Osteoporosis International 22 (Supplement 5): S715

Kazakhstan

Issayeva S, Lesnyak O, Zakroyeva A, Issayeva B, Dilmanova D, Johansson H, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2020) Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the development of country specific FRAX model. Archives of Osteoporosis15(1):30. doi:10.1007/s11657-020-0701-3.

Kuwait

Johansson H, Azizieh F, Al Ali N, et al (2017) FRAX- vs. T-score-based intervention thresholds for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 28(11):3099–3105.

Kyrgyzstan

Lesnyak O, Zakroyeva A, Lobanchenko O, Johansson H, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2020) A surrogate FRAX model for the Kyrgyz Republic. Archives of Osteoporosis 15:68. doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-00743-2

Mexico

Johansson H, Clark P, Carlos F, Oden A, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA (2011) Increasing age and sex specific rates of hip fracture in Mexico: a survey of the Mexican institute of social security. Osteoporos Int, 22: 2359-64. PMID: 21174191.

Malaysia

Johansson H, Chan SP, Hew FL, Yeap SS, Siri Z, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2022) A surrogate FRAX model for Malaysia. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 34 (Suppl 1): S250-251

Moldova

Zakroyeva A, Lesnyak O, Cazac V, Groppa L, Russu E, Chislari L, Rotaru L, Johansson H, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2020) Epidemiology of osteoporotic fracture in Moldova and development of a country specific FRAX model. Archives of Osteoporosis 15: 13 /doi.org/10.1007/s11657-019-0669-z.

Myanmar

Johansson H, Latt TS, Chit TT, Chandran M, Schini M, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2023) A surrogate FRAX model for Myanmar. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 35 (Supplement 1): S270

Nepal

Johansson H, Pandey D, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2021) A surrogate FRAX model for Nepal. Osteoporosis International 32 P812

Netherlands

Lalmohamed, A, Welsing PMJ, Lems WF, Jacobs JWG, Kanis JA, Johansson H, De Boer A, De Vries F (2011) Calibration of FRAX ® 3.1 to the Dutch population with data on the epidemiology of hip fractures. Osteoporosis International 23: 861-9. DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1852-2. PMID: 22120910.

Pakistan

Johansson H, Naureen G, Iqbal R, Jafri L, Khan AH, Umer M, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA, Harvey NC (2021) FRAX based intervention thresholds for Pakistan. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Jan;33(1):105-112. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-06087-y

Naureen G, Johansson H, Iqbal R, Jafri L, Khan AH, Umer M, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Harvey NC, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA. A surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan. Arch Osteoporos. 2021 Feb 17;16(1):34. doi: 10.1007/s11657-021-00894-w.

Peru

Johansson H, Messina OD, Vidal M, Vidal Neira LF, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Schini M, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2023) A surrogate FRAX model for Peru. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 35 (Supplement 1): S269

Poland

Czerwinski E, Kanis JA, Trybulec B, Johansson H, Borowy P Osieleniec J (2009) The incidence and risk of hip fracture in Poland. Osteoporosis International 20; 1363-1368.

Portugal

Marques A, Mota A, Canhão H, Romeu JC, Machado P, Ruano A, Barbosa AP, Dias AA, Silva D, Araújo D, Simões E, Borges F, Águas F, ilva IR, Silva I, Crespo J, Alves J, Costa L, Mascarenhas M, Lourenço O, Ferreira P, Lucas R, Roque R, Branco J, Tavares V, Kanis JA, Pereira da Silva JAP (2013) A FRAX® model for the estimation of osteoporotic fracture probability in Portugal. Acta Reumatologica Portuguesa 38:104-112.

Marques A, Lourenço O, Ortsäter G, Borgström F, Kanis JA, da Silva JAP (2016) Cost-effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment intervention thresholds for the treatment of osteoporosis based on FRAX in Portugal. Calcified Tissue International 99: 131-141

Qatar

Abdulla N, Alsaed OS, Lutf A, Alam F, Abdulmomen I, Al Emadi S, Harvey NC, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Kanis JA, Johansson H. Epidemiology of hip fracture in Qatar and development of a country specific FRAX model. Arch Osteoporos. 2022 Mar 18;17(1):49. doi: 10.1007/s11657-022-01083-z.

Romania

Grigorie D, Sucaliuc A, Johansson H, Kanis JA, McCloskey E (2013) Incidence of hip fracture in Romania and the development of a Romanian FRAX model. Calcified Tissue International 92: 429-436.

Grigorie D, Sucaliuc1 A, Johansson H, Kanis JA, McCloskey E (2013) FRAX-based intervention and assessment thresholds for osteoporosis in Romania. Archives of Osteoporosis 8:164. DOI 10.1007/s11657-013-0164-x.

Johansson H, Poiana C, Barbu C, Pascanu I, Gasparik AI, Harvey NC, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2022) Updated hip fracture incidence in Romania and implications for FRAX. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 34 (Suppl 1): S235.

Russia

Lesnyak O, Ershova O, Belova K, Gladkova E, Sinitsina O, Ganert O, Marina Romanova M, Vitalij Khodirev V, Johansson H, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2012) Epidemiology of fracture in the Russian Federation and the development of a FRAX model. Archives of Osteoporosis 7: 67-73. doi: 10.1007/s11657-012-0082-3.

Saudi Arabia

Saleh YAL, Sulimani RA, Alomary S, Alnajjar YI, Vandenput L, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Harvey NC, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Kanis JA; Saudi FRAX Study Group. Incidence of hip fracture in Saudi Arabia and the development of a FRAX model. Arch Osteoporos. 2022 Apr 2;17(1):56. doi: 10.1007/s11657-022-01085-x.

Al-Daghri NM, Sabico S, Al-Saleh Y, Sulimani R, Aljohani NJ, Sheshah E, Alodhayani A, Harvey NC, Liu E, Lorentzon M, McCloskey EV, Vandenput L, Johansson H, Kanis JA. The application of FRAX in Saudi Arabia. Arch Osteoporos. 2021 Nov 5;16(1):166. doi: 10.1007/s11657-021-01024-2.

Serbia

Johansson H, Matijevic R, Harhaji V, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Kanis JA (2019) Ten-year fracture probability in Serbia according to age and other FRAX models in the region. Osteoporosis International 30 (Suppl 1): P591

Singapore

Kanis JA, Chandran M, Chionh SB, Ganeson G, Harvey NC, Koh WP, Kwok T, Lau TC, Liu E, Lorentzon M, McCloskey EV, Tan KB, Vandenput L, Johansson H (2020) Use of age-dependent FRAX-based intervention thresholds for Singapore. Archives of Osteoporosis 15(1):104. doi: 10.1007/s11657-020-00782-9.

South Africa

Johansson H, Dela SS, Cassim B, Paruk F, Brown SL, Conradie M, Harvey NC, Jordaan JD, Kalla AA, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Lukhele M, McCloskey EV, Mohamed O, Chutterpaul P, Vandenput L, Kanis JA (2021) FRAX-based fracture probabilities in South Africa. Archives of Osteoporosis 16:51 doi.org/10.1007/s11657-021-00905-w

Sweden

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Sernbo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Dawson A, De Laet C, Jonsson B. Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Osteoporosis International 2000; 11: 669-674.

Switzerland

Lippuner K, Johansson H, Kanis JA, Rizzoli R (2010) FRAX® assessment of osteoporotic fracture probability in Switzerland. Osteoporosis International 21: 381-390.

Syria

Johansson H, Adib G, McCloskey E, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Kanis JA (2019) Ten-year fracture probability in Syria using a surrogate model. Osteoporosis International 30 (Suppl 1): P590

Thailand

Chotiyarnwong P, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Liu E, Lorentzen M, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV (2019) Temporal changes in access to FRAX® in Thailand between 2010 and 2018. Arch Osteoporos14: 66. doi: 10.1007/s11657-019-0613-2.

Ukraine

Povoroznyuk VV, Grygorieva NV, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Korzh MO, Strafun SS, Vaida VM, Klymovytsky FV, Vlasenko RO, Forosenko VS (2017) Epidemiology of hip fracture and the development of FRAX in Ukraine. Archives of Osteoporosis ;12(1):53. doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0343-2.

Povoroznyuk V, Grygorieva N, Johansson H, Lorentzon M, Harvey NC, McCloskey EV, Musienko A, Liu E, Kanis JA, Zaverukha N, Ivanyk O (2021) FRAX based intervention thresholds for osteoporosis treatment in Ukraine. Journal of Osteoporosis. Article ID 2043479, 7 pages, doi.org/10.1155/2021/2043479 PMID: 34194719.

Povoroznyuk V, Grygorieva N, Musienko A, Kanis JA, Johansson H, Lorentzon M, Harvey NC, McCloskey E (2019) Ukrainian FRAX: criteria for diagnostics and treatment of osteoporosis. Pain, Joints, Spine 9(4): 212-221. doi: 10.22141/2224-1507.9.4.2019.191921

United Kingdom

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, McCloskey E. (2008) FRAXTM and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporosis International 19: 385-397.

Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Strom O, Borgstrom F, Oden A and the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (2008) Case finding for the management of osteoporosis with FRAX® - Assessment and intervention thresholds for the UK. Osteoporos Int 19; 1395-1408.

Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Strom O, Borgstrom F, Oden A and the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (2009) Erratum to; Case finding for the management of osteoporosis with FRAX® - Assessment and intervention thresholds for the UK. Osteoporos Int 19; 1395-1408. PMID: 18751937. Erratum published 2009 Osteoporos Int 20, 499-502

United States

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, Dawson-Hughes B, Melton LJ 3rd, McCloskey EV (2010) The effects of a FRAX((R)) revision for the USA. Osteoporosis International 21: 35-40.

Dawson-Hughes B, Looker AC, Tosteson ANA, Johansson H, Kanis JA, Melton III LJ (2010) The potential impact of new National Osteoporosis Foundation guidance on treatment patterns. Osteoporos International, 21: 41-52.

Berry SD, Kiel DP, Donaldson MG, Cummings SR, Kanis JA, Johansson H, Samelson EJ (2010) Application of the National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines to postmenopausal women and men: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporosis International. 21: 53-60.

Ettinger B, Black DM, Dawson-Hughes B, Pressman AR, Melton LJ 3rd. Updated fracture incidence rates for the US version of FRAX. Osteoporos Int. 2010 Jan; 21(1):25-33

Uzbekistan

Lesnyak O, Ismailov S, Shakirova M, Alikhanova NA, Zakroyeva A, Johansson H, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2020) Epidemiology of hip fracture and the development of a FRAX model for Uzbekistan. Archives of Osteoporosis. 15(1):119. doi: 10.1007/s11657-020-00792-7.

Venezuela

Riera-Espinoza G, Lopez D, Johansson H, Kanis JA (2009) Life-time risk of hip fracture and incidence rates in Carabobo, Venezuela. Osteoporosis International 20 (Suppl 1); S95

Zimbabwe

Johansson H, Liu E, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Cassim B, Ferrand RA, CE Ndhlovu CE, Dela SS, Gregson CL, Kanis JA (2021) A surrogate FRAX model in Zimbabwe. Osteoporosis International 32, P808

Guidelines and guideline development

Grossman JM, Gordon R, Ranganath VK et al (2010) American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 62: 1515-26

National Osteoporosis Foundation (2008) Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Washington, DC: National Osteoporosis Foundation. www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/

Papaioannou A, Morin S, Cheung AMet al (2010) 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: summary. CMAJ. Oct 12. e-pub ahead of print. PMID: 20940232

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV (2009) Bazedoxifene reduces vertebral and clinical fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk assessed with FRAX®

Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, Francis R, Kanis JA, Marsh D, McCloskey EV, Reid DM, Selby P, Wilkins M; on behalf of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) (2009) Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men from the age of 50 years in the UK. Maturitas; 62:105-108.

Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2010) Manitoba bone density program. Independent clinical validation of a Canadian FRAX((R)) tool: Fracture prediction and model calibration. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Apr 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20499367

Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, Francis R, Kanis JA, Marsh D, McCloskey EV, Reid DM, Selby P and Wilkins P, on behalf of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG).Guideline for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men from the age of 50 years in the UK NHS Evidence - National Library of Guidelines. Publication Date: 01 Oct 2008

Borgström F, Ström O, Coelho J, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA. (2010) The cost-effectiveness of risedronate in the UK for the management of osteoporosis using the FRAX. Osteoporosis International 21: 495-505.

Johansson H, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, McCloskey E (2009)
BMD, clinical risk factors and their combination for hip fracture prevention. Osteoporos Int. 20: 1675-1682.

Ström O, Borgström F, Kleman M, McCloskey E, Odén A, Johansson H, Kanis JA (2010) FRAX® and its applications in health economics - Cost-effectiveness and intervention thresholds using bazedoxifene in a Swedish setting as an example. Bone. 2010 47::430-7.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV (2010) A meta-analysis of the efficacy of raloxifene on all clinical and vertebral fractures and its dependency on FRAX®. Bone 47: 729–735

Kanis JA, Burlet N, Cooper C, Delmas PD, Reginster JY, Borgstrom F, Rizzoli R; on behalf of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) (2008) European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International. 19: 399-428.

Lekamwasam S, Adachi JD, Agnusdei D, Bilezikian J, Boonen S, Borgström F, Cooper C, Diez Perez A, Eastell R, Hofbauer L, Kanis JA, Langdahl BL, Lesnyak O, Lorenc R, McCloskey E, Messina OD, Napoli N, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ralston SH, Sambrook PN, Silverman S, Sosa M, Stepan J, Suppan G, Wahl DA, Compston JE for the Joint IOF-ECTS GIO Guidelines Working Group (2012) A framework for the development of guidelines for the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 23: 2257-76.

Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, CooperC, Gittoes N, Peters T, O'Neill T, Torgerson D, Holland R, Howe A, Marshall T, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV (2012) A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of screening older women for the prevention of fractures: rationale, design and methods for the ‘SCOOP’ Study. Osteoporosis International 23: 2507-2515. DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1876-7

Kanis JA McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y on behalf of the Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation ( IOF) (2013) European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International, 24: 23- 57.

Kanis JA (2013) Commentary on guidelines on postmenopausal osteoporosis - Indian Menopause Society. Journal of Midlife Health 4: 129-31. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24082710/

Johansson H, Odén A, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Harvey N, Kanis JA, Karlsson M Mellström D (2015) Is the Swedish FRAX model appropriate for Swedish immigrants? Osteoporosis International 26: 2617-2622.

Kanis JA, Compston J, Cooper C, Harvey NC Johansson H, Odén A, McCloskey EV (2016) SIGN Guidelines for Scotland: BMD Versus FRAX Versus QFracture. Calcified Tissue International 98: 417-25.

Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV and The Advisory Board of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (2016) A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX. A report prepared for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group and the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Archives of Osteoporosis 11:25. DOI 10.1007/s11657-016-0278-z.

Kanis JA, Compston J, Cooper C, Harvey NC Johansson H, Odén A, McCloskey EV (2016) SIGN Guidelines for Scotland: BMD Versus FRAX Versus QFracture. Calcified Tissue International 98: 417-25.

McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Compston J, Kanis JA (2017) Access to fracture risk assessment by FRAX and linked National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) guidance in the UK - An analysis of anonymous website activity. Osteoporosis International 28: 71-76.

McCloskey E, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Fordham R, Harvey I, Peters TJ, Redmond N, Torgerson D, Kanis JA (2018) Management of patients with high baseline hip fracture risk by FRAX reduces hip fractures – a post hoc analysis from the SCOOP Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 33:1020-1026.

Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y (2018) Review of the guideline of the American College of Physicians on the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 29: 1505- 1510.

Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y; Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO) and the Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) (2019) European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International 30: 3-44.

Kanis JA, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, Bruyère O, Veronese N, Lorentzon M, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Adib G, Al-Daghri N, Campusano C, Chandran M, Dawson-Hughes B, Javaid K, F Jiwa F, Johansson H, Lee JK, Liu E, Messina D, Mkinsi O, Pinto D, Prieto-Alhambra D, Saag K, Xia W, Zakraoui L, Reginster J-Y (2020) Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporosis International 31: 1-12.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, McCloskey EV Lorentzon M, Liu E, Vandenput L, McCloskey EV. National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (2021) An assessment of intervention thresholds for very high risk applied to the NOGG guidelines. A report for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). Osteoporosis International 32: 1951-1960.

Gregson CL, Armstrong DJ, Bowden J, Cooper C, Edwards J, Gittoes NJL, Harvey NC, Kanis J, Leyland S, Low R, McCloskey E, Moss K, Parker J, Paskins Z, Poole KES, Reid DM, Stone M, Tomson J, Vine N Compston J (2022) UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Archives of Osteoporosis 17:58. doi.org/10.1007/s11657-022-01061-5.

FRAXplus

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Siggeirsdottir K, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Vandenput L, McCloskey EV. Adjusting conventional FRAX estimates of fracture probability according to the number of prior fractures. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33: 2507-2515

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV. Guidance for the adjustment of FRAX according to the dose of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22: 809-16.

Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA. 2011. Spine-hip discordance and fracture risk assessment: a physician-friendly FRAX enhancement. Osteoporos Int 2011 ; 22: 839-47.

Johansson H, Kanis JA, Odén A, Leslie WD, Fujiwara S, Glüer CC, Kroger H, LaCroix AZ, Lau E, Melton LJ 3rd, Eisman JA, O'Neill TW, Goltzman D, Reid DM, McCloskey E. Impact of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD discordances on FRAX probabilities in women: a meta-analysis of international cohorts. Calcified Tiss Int 2014; 95:428–435

McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, Leslie WD, Hans D, Johansson H, Barkmann R, Boutroy S, Brown J, Chapurlat R, Elders PJM, Fujita Y, Glüer CC, Goltzman D, Iki M, Karlsson M, Kindmark A, Kotowicz M, Kurumatani N, Kwok T, Lamy O, Leung J, Lippuner K, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Mellström D, Merlijn T, Oei L, Ohlsson C, Pasco JA, Rivadeneira F, Rosengren B, Sornay-Rendu E, Szulc P, Tamaki J, Kanis JA. A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its relationship to FRAX. J Bone Mineral Res 2016; 31:940–948

Leslie WD, Lix LM, Morin SN, Johansson H, Odén A, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA. Adjusting Hip Fracture Probability in Men and Women Using Hip Axis Length: the Manitoba Bone Density Database. J Clin Densitom 2016; 19: 326–331

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Vandenput L, Morin S, Leslie WD, McCloskey EV. Adjusting conventional FRAX estimates of fracture probability according to the number of prior falls in the preceding year. Osteoporos Int. 2023 Mar;34(3):479-487.

Masud T, Binkley N, Boonen S, Hannan MT on behalf of the FRAX Position Conference members. Can falls and frailty be used in FRAX? J Clin Densitom 2011; 14: 194-204.

Johansson H, Odén A, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Karlsson MK, Mellström D. Is the Swedish FRAX model appropriate for Swedish immigrants? Osteoporos Int 2015; 26: 2617–2622

Wändell P, Li X, Carlsson AC, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Osteoporotic fractures among foreign- born individuals: a national Swedish study. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32: 343–352

Leslie WD, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Kanis JA, Hans D. Comparison of Methods for Improving Fracture Risk Assessment in Diabetes: The Manitoba BMD Registry. J Bone Mineral Res 2018; 33:1923–1930

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Siggeirsdottir K, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Vandenput L, McCloskey EV. Adjusting conventional FRAX estimates of fracture probability according to the recency of sentinel fractures. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1817–1828

Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, McCloskey EV, Bouillon R, Abrahamsen B, Rejnmark L, Johansson H; Danish Primary Hyperparathyroidism Study Group. Primary hyperparathyroidism and fracture probability. Osteoporos Int. 2023; 34: 489-499.

FRAX in the future

Vandenput L, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, Liu E, Åkesson KE, Anderson FA, Azagra R, Bager CL, Beaudart C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Biver E, Bruyère O, Cauley JA, Center JR, Chapurlat R, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Crandall CJ, Cumming SRs, da Silva JAP, Dawson-Hughes B, Diez-Perez A, Dufour AB, Eisman JA, Elders PJM, Ferrari S, Fujita Y, Fujiwara S, Glüer C-C, Goldshtein I, Goltzman D, Gudnason V, Hall J, Hans D, Hoff M, Hollick RJ, Huisman M, i Iki M, Ish-Shalom S, Jones G, Karlsson MK, Khosla S, Kiel DP, Koh W-P, Koromani F, Kotowicz MA, Kröger H, T Kwok T Lamy O, Langhammer A, Larijani B, Lippuner K, Mellström D, Merlijn T, Nordström A, Nordström P, O´Neill TW, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ohlsson C, Orwoll ES, Pasco JA, Rivadeneira F, Schei B, Schott A-M, E Shiroma EJ, Siggeirsdottir K, Simonsick EM, Sornay-Rendu E, Sund R, Swart KMA, PSzulc P, Tamaki J, Torgerson DJ, van Schoor NM, van Staa TP, Vila J , Wareham NJ, Wright NC, Yoshimura N, MC, Zwart M, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Leslie WD, Kanis JA (2022) Update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX: A systematic review of potential cohorts and analysis plan. Osteoporosis International 33: 2103–2136.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, Liu E, Åkesson KE, Anderson FA, Azagra R, Bager CL, Beaudart C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Biver E, Bruyère O, Cauley JA, Center JR, Chapurlat R, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Crandall CJ, Cummings SR, da Silva JAP, Dawson-Hughes B, Diez-Perez A, Dufour AB, Eisman JA, Elders PJM, Ferrari S, Fujita Y, Fujiwara S, Glüer CC, Goldshtein I, Goltzman D, Gudnason V, Hall J, Hans D, Hoff M, Hollick RJ, Huisman M, Iki M, Ish-Shalom S, Jones G, Karlsson MK, Khosla S, Kiel DP, Koh WP, Koromani F, Kotowicz MA, Kröger H, Kwok T, Lamy O, Langhammer A, Larijani B, Lippuner K, Mellström D, Merlijn T, Nordström A, Nordström P, O'Neill TW, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ohlsson C, Orwoll ES, Pasco JA, Rivadeneira F, Schott AM, Shiroma EJ, Siggeirsdottir K, Simonsick EM, Sornay- Rendu E, Sund R, Swart KMA, Szulc P, Tamaki J, Torgerson DJ, van Schoor NM, van Staa TP, Vila J, Wareham NJ, Wright NC, Yoshimura N, Zillikens MC, Zwart M, Vandenput L, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Leslie WD. (2023) Previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk: A meta-analysis to update FRAX. Submitted OI March 2023, resubmitted and accepted July 2023 Osteoporosis International. 2023 Aug 11. doi: 10.1007/s00198-023-06870-z. Online ahead of print.

WHO CC for Metabolic Bone Diseases (1991-2010)

Redesignation Proposal 2000 (Download as PDF)